Horticulture
Fruit, vegetables and flowers — the crops that pay best per bigha and spoil fastest after picking.
The crops where the money is made after the harvest, not before it.
Horticulture covers fruit, vegetable, flower and plantation crops: nursery and propagation, orchard establishment and training, protected cultivation, off-season vegetable production, and the handling and storage that decide whether a crop reaches a market in saleable condition.
For a small holding these are the crops that change an income, and also the ones that lose most between the field and the buyer. Teaching gives post-harvest handling the same weight as production, because a farmer who grows a good crop and loses a third of it in transit has been given half an answer.
Nursery and propagation
Seedling raising, grafting, budding and planting material quality.
Orchard and floriculture
Establishment, training, pruning and flower crop production.
Protected and off-season
Tunnel and shade-house vegetables, and production outside the usual window.
Post-harvest
Grading, packing, storage and transport losses.